A New Laser Weapon Just Unveiled

US navy deploys the first laser weapon to protect ships in the Persian gulf.The LAWS, an acronym for Laser Weapons System,  It is deployed on board the USS Ponce amphibious transport ship.  

Since Laser travels with velocity of light its the fastest weapon and its 50000 times faster than an incoming ICBM .The $40 million system requires a team of three to operate it and a small generator to power its electricity supply, according to the Navy. The best part is it only costs American taxpayers about $1 per shot.

It operates in an invisible part of the electromagnetic spectrum so you don't see the beam, it doesn't make any sound, it's completely silent and it's incredibly effective at what it does according to Lt. Cale Hughes, laser weapons system officer.

Air-based laser weapon systems offer flexibility and precision for self defense against aircraft and missiles and weapons on the ground. 

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

We know that the Bosons are force carriers namely photon ,W and Z bosons (W+ W- an Z0) ,graviton and Gluon. Gluons mediate the interactions of the strong nuclear force, which binds together quarks to form protons and neutrons also holds the protons and neutrons together within an atom's nucleus.Photons are responsible for electromagnetic interactions,where as W and Z bosons are weak forces.

At enegies greater than 100 Gev these particles photons, W and Z bosons are essentially identical, the weak and electromagnetic interactions were manifestations of a single force but The Weinberg–Salam (spontaneous symmetry breaking) theory predicts that, at lower energies, this symmetry is broken so that the massless photon and the massive W and Z bosons emerge.

The question of how the W and Z got so much mass in the spontaneous symmetry breaking is still a perplexing one.The symmetry-breaking mechanism is called a Higgs field, and requires a new boson, the Higgs boson to mediate it.The graviton is a theoretical particle which has not yet been experimentally detected.

The name boson comes from the surname of Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, a brilliant physicist from the early twentieth century who worked with Albert Einstein to develop a method of analysis called Bose-Einstein statistics.

One of the most dramatic effect of Bose-Einstein statistics is the prediction that bosons can overlap and coexist with other bosons. Fermions, on the other hand, can not do this, because they follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle which states that no two particles can have all 4 quantum numbers or quantum state same they have to differ in at least in one of them.

Einstein tried to show that under the appropriate conditions that is at very high energies prevailed at the big bang, all the fundamental forces of nature could be described as a unified single force. 

New Particle XI-CC++ Discovered

Scientists at CERN discovered a new particle called or named Xi-cc++ pronounced as (Ka-sigh-see-see-plus-plus) which is a doubly charmed Baryon.It consisting of two charm quarks and an up quark weighs approximately 3621 MeV where as a proton with two up quarks and one down quark weighs 938Mev. Both neutron and proton are baryons.As we know baryons are 3 quark particle and mesons are two quark particles basically a quark and anti-quark.

There are totally 6 quarks, the up (u),d own(d),strange(S) are light where as charm(c) ,Bottom(b) and Top (t) are heavy. Scientists predict there are many different combinations that can make up baryons. Until now the only baryons observed contain two light quarks and one heavy quark. Standard model also predicted the existence of heavy baryons made up of heavy charm quarks.This new particle may lead more insight into the strong interactions.

In contrast to other baryons, in which the three quarks perform an elaborate dance around each other, a doubly heavy baryon is expected to act like a planetary system, where the two heavy quarks play the role of heavy stars orbiting one around the other, with the lighter quark orbiting around this binary system, added Guy Wilkinson, former Spokesperson of the collaboration.