The particle Boson named after famous Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose which work in a different way than fermions in many respects particularly the Pauli's exclusion principle.
Bosons are particles which obeys Bose-Einstein statistics. Bosons have a quantum spin with contains integer values. Bosons are force carriers and many physical interactions happen through bosons for example the electromagnetic interactions happen through photon and similarly the strong nuclear force through gluon ,the weak interactions through W and Z bosons.
What essentially Bose theory says that photons of same energy look alike and you can not distinguish between them and unlike ferminons they can occupy the same states which resulted in many phenomena like laser and Bose-Einstein condensate.
Bose derived Planck's law for black body radiation without recourse to classical physics and sent the paper to Einstein for publication in Zeitscrift fur Physik. Einstein got it published after translating into German language.
The publication led to recognition, and Bose was granted a leave of absence to work in Europe for two years. He first went to France worked in the laboratory of the renowned scientist Madame Curie after that went to Berlin worked on X-ray crystallography, where he met greatest physicists of the time including Einstein, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger.
Though boson was named after Bose by Paul Dirac but was not awarded the prestigious Noble Prize which he thoroughly deserved. In July 2012 New York Times article in which Bose is described as the Father of the God particle.
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